The article presents the research results for 2019–2020 on the influence of soil tillage, harrowing and herbicides application on crops weed infestation and buckwheat grain yield. It is found that on highly cultivated soddy-podzolic sandy loam soil, plowing and chiseling have not differed significantly by the effect on buckwheat grain yield. The differences in this indicator between the optimum time of crops harrowing and chemical weeding in this case have made 4,3–5,5 % and have been reliable only in 2020.

The results of researches for the period of 2016–2020 on determining the thresholds of annual dicotyledonous weed plants harmfulness in fodder bean crops are presented in the article. It is determined that depending on weather conditions a reliable crop grain yield decrease takes place at weeds number 4–7 pcs/m² at the cost of thickness of plant density by harvesting coming, beans number, seeds in a bean and weight of 1000 seeds. Based on correlation-regression analysis of the data obtained it is determined that in 67,0–79,0% of cases fodder bean grain yield has depended on weeds number and in 81,0–89,0% – on their vegetative weight. By fodder beans weed infestation increase for one weed/ m² grain yield losses have made 0,05–0,08 cwt/ha by number and 0,004–0,007 cwt/ha – by weight.

The results of researches for the period of 2016–2020 on determining the critical period of weed plants harmfulness in fodder bean crops are presented in the article. It is determined that a reliable crop grain yield decrease has taken place from 14–18 days of combined vegetation with weed plants. It is pointed out that the herbicides application in the crops is necessary to do at 2–4 true fodder bean leaves, what will give an opportunity to keep grain yield at the level of crops free from weeds during the whole period of vegetation.

In the article the results of biological soil herbicides efficiency study Extracorn, SE, Herbisan, SE, Adengo,SC, Camelot,SE, Egida SC and post-emergent herbicides Saturn Duo, MD and MiceTerPower, MD and also tank mixtures Dublon, SC+ Ballerina, SE and Balansir, MD+Meteor, SE on weed infestation and yield of different groups of ripening corn crops are presented. It is determined that in the technology of different groups of ripening corn hybrids protection it is expedient to apply soil herbicides in combination with the post-emergent herbicides without the active ingredient 2,4-D and also post-emergent many-component wide spectrum preparations which are able to control practically in full weed infestation in crops during the whole period of vegetation.

In the article the research results on determining the biological efficiency and peculiarities of prometryn-containing herbicides Gambit, SC (prometryn, 500 g/l), SC “August” Co., Russia, in soybean crops and Brig, SC (prometryn, 500 g/l), SC “Shchelkovo Agrokhim”, Russia, in blue lupine crops are presented.

The results of allelopatic activity of couch grass and field sow thistle and its influence on laboratory and field germination of spring barley and corn seeds are presented in the article.
In grain crops an acute question is to control perennial weeds, in particular couch grass. The biological peculiarities of perennial weeds make difficulties for their control in grain crops during vegetation.
It is determined that the extracts from couch grass and field sow thistle roots decrease the laboratory germination of spring barley and spring wheat and influence growth and development of their radicles. In field conditions it is marked: the higher couch grass and field sow thistle infestation, the higher their allelopatic influence on field germination of spring barley and corn seeds. So, it is expedient to control the perennial weeds such as couch grass and field sow thistle in fall period, applying glyphosate-containing preparations.

Weed infestation of grain crops both by annual and perennial dicotyledonous weeds is effectively controlled by herbicides application containing some active ingredients. The data on the effectiveness of the combined herbicides Bomb, WDG (tribenuron-methyl, 563 g/kg + florasulam, 187 g/kg) and Secator Plus, MD (2,4 acid, 433 g/l +iodosulfuron, 25 g/l + mefenpyr /antidote/, 62,5 g/l) in spring wheat under conditions of the Republic of Belarus. Weed plants species have shown different sensitivity to herbicides – crops weed infestation decrease by annual and perennial dicotyledonous weeds have varied from 43 to 100%. The carried out protective measures with use of herbicides Bomb, WDG and Secator Plus, MD have allowed to keep 10,5–17,1 cwt/ha spring wheat grain.

In the article the research results on studying the biological and economic efficiency of a new herbicide Pyxel,MD (tifensulfuron-methyl, 90, g/l+flumetsulam, 24 g/l+florasulam,18 g/l) SC “Shchelkovo Agrokhim”, Russia production are presented. It is determined that winter wheat crops protection at tillering stage using the combined preparation has provided with the weed infestation decrease by young and perennial weeds for 97–100%, the kept grain yield has made 17,3–19,8 %.

In the article the results of researches on biological and economic efficiency of a new herbicide UNIQO, CCS (fluroxipyr, 100 g/l + florasulam, 2,5 g/l) AO “Shchelkovo Agrokhim”, Russia production are presented. It is determined that by winter wheat and triticale protection at tillering stage weed infestation decrease by annual and perennial weeds makes more than 90%, at flagleaf of the crop – more than 80%.

The herbicides based on sulfometuron-methyl acid (Terrsan, WDG and Venik, WDG) in 2 month after industrial land setting treatment have been effective against goldenrod (Solidago canadensis L.) and fleabane (Erigeron canadensis  L.). At the maximum rate of the herbicides application (262,5 g of the active ingredient per ha) the goldenrod kill has made 85–100 %, fleabane - 100 %. All growing annual and perennial grassy species in the plot have died practically completely in the phytocoenosis.

Under conditions of the Republic of Belarus in summer German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) sowing dominate dicotyledonous wintering (Viola  arvensis, Erodium cicutarium, Capsella bursa-pastoris) and grass weeds (Poa annua and Elytrigia repens) – 261 pcs/m²; by pre-winter sowing a proportion of dicotyledonous wintering species (Capsella bursa-pastoris, Viola arvensis, Erodium cicutarium) and also biennial weeds and ephemers (Myosotis arvensis, Stellaria media) is increased – 80,1 pcs/m²; in spring crops the number of late spring species (Galinsoga parviflora), ephemers and early spring weeds (Chenopodium  album and Fallopia  convolvulus), wintering species (Viola arvensis, Thlaspi arvense) and also grass weeds (Echinochloa crusgalli and Elytrigia repens) is higher – 114,3 pcs/m².

The main periods of phytopathological research development in cereals in Belarus from 1971 to 2021 are presented in the article. In chronological order the main problems solved by the workers of the phytopthology lab are indicated with the short presentation of phytopathological situation dynamics and researchers throughout 50 years.

One of the main diseases of sugar beet leaf apparatus is cercosporosis (agent Cercospora beticola Sacc.). At high severity the yield and sugar content of root crops are decreased, the physiological processes are violated, the root crop resistance to clamp rot is decreased. Under the moderate-depressive cercosporosis development the fungicides keep rather high biological efficiency during 4-6 weeks after spraying, what provides with getting up to 110 cwt/ha of root crops in addition and to increase the sugar output for 29,6 cwt/ha.

The many years data (2010-2020) on biological efficiency of 11 seed dressers (6 two-component and 5 three-component) for spring wheat protection against seed infection and also in the decrease of root rots development under conditions of the disease artificial contagious background are presented. In the infection decrease of the crop seeds, the biological efficiency of the evaluated preparations has been high reaching often 100%, in the root rot development decrease – in the range of 27,1 to 80,0%, depending on the preparation, development stage and the research yea. At the cost of seed dressers application one can keep up to 5,8 cwt/ha or 13,1% yield.

In the article three years results of researches on studying the efficiency of the fungicide Zato Plus, WDG (trifloxystrobin, 40 g/kg + сaptan, 600 g/kg) for apple-tree protection against the dominant diseases are presented. The biological efficiency of the fungicide Zato Plus,WDG at the rate of application 1,5–1,8 kg/hа, used in the system of apple-tree protection against scab has made: on leaves – 77,1–93,0 %, on fruits – 90,8–97,1 %; against powdery mildew in shoots – 84,3–86,7 %, against fruit rot – 90,5–95,2 %. The fungicide application has allowed to keep 99,8–203,3 cwt/hа apples and increase the standard production output up to 86,8–96,7 %.

In the article the results of many years (2010–2020) research data on the efficacy of 27 seed dressers against winter wheat diseases are shown. It is determined that the biological efficiency in the decrease of seed infection by fungi Fusarium spp. and Alternaria spp. as well as plants death caused by snow mold has been higher with the seed dressers use including fludioxonil and prochloraz. For the protection against root rot on the artificial disease background the efficiency of all groups of seed dressers has been at the same level. The highest yield has been by application of fludioxonil and prochloraz-containing preparations.

Recently in the grain crops of the republic of Belarus the frequency of occurrence and harmfulness of eyespot root rot is increased. In the article the literary data on the disease symptomatology, incidence, severity and methods of its development restriction are pointed out.

At present in the republic and abroad the most widely spread and noxious corn diseases during vegetation are Fusarium ear blight (agents – Fusarium spp. fungi) and blister corn smut (Ustilago maydis DC) Corda). In the article the results (2014-2017) of corn hybrids severity evaluation by these diseases in corn crops of State agricultural institutions (Mozyr variety testing station, Kobrin variety testing station, Nesvizh variety testing station) and Shchuchin State agricultural plot of Minsk, Grodno, Gomel, Brest regions of the republic of Belarus are presented. The maximum Fusarium ear blight incidence for the years of researches has made 10,0-93,3 %, blister corn smut – up to 24,0 %.

The article presents the results of oomycete sensitivity study to active ingredients of fungicides by the method of tuberous slices. A significant variation in the degree of late blight pathogen sensitivity from industrial potato plantings to systemic active ingredients has been revealed. It is found that the inhibition of the pathogen colony growth in relation to the control has ranged from 11,2% when studying ingredients at a concentration of 0,1 mkg/ml to 91,2 % – at a concentration 1000 mkg/ml.

It is pointed out in the article that on the territory of the Republic of Belarus in winter and spring grain crops two species of frit flies – barley O.  Pusilla Мg. and oats O. frit L. are spread , the barley frit fly dominates. There are morphological and fodder differences between the species. During agricultural crops vegetation the pest food specialization is clarified: mainly, oat fly in the decreasing order colonizes oats, spring triticale, sorghum, perennial grasses, winter and spring wheat, but barley fly prefers to colonize winter barley, winter triticale, spring barley, millet, spring wheat and rye.

It is determined that recently (2018-2020) in spring barley agrocoenoses at the RUE “Institute of plant protection” and in the farms of the republicthe economically important pests are click beetle larvae – wireworms ( lined click beetle and small click beetle), frit flies (oat, barley) and cereal leaf beetle, their dynamics number and harmfulness is studied. The results of the efficiency evaluation of preparations with different mechanisms of action and active ingredients (pyrethroids, neonicotinoids, combined action) for crop protection against pests are shown. It is determined that the biological efficiency of the preparations for pre-sowing barley seeds treatment against wireworms has made 84,9–93,9%, grass flies – 70,0–91,1%; the insecticides against grass flies – 82,4–100%, cereal leaf beetles 83,7–100%. At the cost of harmfulness decrease of the dominant pest species 1,4–4,8 cwt/ha or 2,3–7,8% of the crop yield is preserved.

The many-years data on the efficiency of one and two-component insecticides from different chemical groups for corn protection against the European corn borer are stated in the article. It is determined that the biological efficiency of two-component insecticides from the group of synthetic pyrethroids + antranilamids, synthetic pyrethroids + antranilamids, synthetic pyrethroids + FOS under conditions of high air temperatures (+25°С) during their application has not decreased and made 83,0-92,8 % in comparison with the control variant.

In the article the results of phytosanitary situation study in corn agrocoenoses of Mogilev, Brest and Grodno regions for the period of 2019–2020 are presented. It is determined that English grain aphid (Sitobion avenae F.) and bird cherry aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi L.) are widely spread corn pests. The influence of weather conditions on periods and degree of plants colonization by green bugs is determined. At the average daily air temperature higher than +15 °С the start of corn plants colonization by pests is marked in the III decade of June, the maximum green bugs number is reached in the I–II decades of July, during panicle formation – blossoming.
Based on monitoring data in corn crops the entomophages of green bugs – common golden-eyed fly (Chrysoperla carnea Steph.), seven pointed ladybird (coccinellid) (Coccinella septempunctata L.) are revealed

The researches on the evaluation of efficiency of colored glue traps use for apple leaf gall midge (Dasineura mali Kieffer.) flight monitoring are presented, as a result of which no essential difference has been noticed in the number of caught gall midges both by yellow and blue glue trap for the whole flight period (1496 and 1213 indiv./trap). The first laying by gall midge eggs have been noticed in 16 days after the flight beginning (on the 7-th of May). The amount of oviposited eggs has varied, on the average, from 30 to 60 per leaf. The first damaged shoots have appeared in two weeks after the first peak of imago flight and transition for pupation of the first generation larvae has been marked in the second half of June. By D. mali flight dynamics to glue traps one can suppose the presence of 4 phytophage generations. By evaluation the air temperature influence on the pest imago flight it has been determined that by average daily temperature decrease up to 5 °С and lower and also by increasing the temperature up to +28 °С and higher, the apple leaf gall midge flight is absent.

The article presents studies of the features of biology and seasonal dynamics of flight of the most common and harmful Lepidoptera pests of peach. It is noted that in the years of research during the growing season there have been four peaks of flight of the oriental fruit moth and three – peach twig borer. The effectiveness of Ampligo 150 ZC, FC insecticide with different rates of use against the dominant Lepidoptera pests of peach has been determined. It is found that the insecticide has reduced the shoot damage by the oriental fruit moth and peach twig borer for 84.5–92.5%, fruits – 85.9–90.9%.

It is determined that two times black currant treatment by the preparations Movento, SC (spirotetramate, 100 g/l) at the rate of application 0,75 l/ha and PSK, 25% a.s. (sodium polysulfides) - 2,4 l/ha against bud and spider mites at phenophases “start of blossoming” (61 – by BBCH scale) and end of blossoming (69 – by BBCH scale) renders currant bud mite damage decrease for 82,1–64,6% and spider mite number decrease for 86,6% – 68,2%, accordingly.

The results of studies on the assessment of the biological and economic efficiency of Korneplus, SC preparation based on the rhizosphere bacteria Pseudomonas putida K-9 when growing vegetables in protected and open ground are presented. The use of the preparation contributed to the increase of root length and the volume of the root system of greenhouse cucumber plants up to 17.5 and 37.0%, respectively, the weight of the harvested fruits up to 13.7% compared to the control variant. When growing white head cabbage, an increase in the volume of the root system and root length up to 29.4 and 23.8%, respectively, has been noted, as well as the activation of setting and an increase in the diameter of the forming cabbage head, which contributed to an increase in the yield of marketable products to 40.2 cwt / ha and yield increase for 7,1–10.5%.

The methods of combined determination of fluopyram, difenoconazole and pirimetanyl in water and soil with the use of high-effective liquid chromatography are developed and the obtained data on validation testify to the direct purpose use methods, as a result, they can be used for every day practice both for combined and separate residues determination of the enumerated fungicides in water and soil.

The results of fungicide residues determination of different chemical class fungicides (triazols, strobilurines, piridinyl-ethylbenzamids, morpholines, imidazoles and benzimidazoles) in plant production (winter wheat and spring wheat, spring barley, winter triticale are presented. It is shown that mainly, the active ingredients of fungicides have been determined in straw yield. In grain samples the fungicide residues have been discovered in single cases (tebuconazole, propiconazole, azoxystrobin) at the amount not increasing the MAL.

An assessment of leaf area, the relative water loss by isolated leaves (water retention capacity), the relative water content in leaves, and the length of radicles of sugar beet selection material grown under optimal and insufficient moisture is done. Selection samples have been revealed, characterized by low values of the leaf area and relative water loss under conditions of sufficient water supply and water shortage, which also have satisfactory growth parameters and can be recommended for further breeding work.

The paper presents the results of studies of the effect of various nutrient solutions in a low-volume culture in a protected ground on the content of basic nutrients, heavy metals and dry matter in fruits according to the periods of brush formation on tomato plants.

In the article two years data of researches on tomato hybrid Toivo F₁ irrigation methods are shown. The features of vitamin C, carotene accumulation , the amount of sugars in different periods of fruit ripeness depending on watering methods are pointed out. High efficiency of drop irrigation method application among the studied various irrigation methods is shown.

The presented material can serve as a theoretical basis for the formation of a strategy of medicinal and spicy-aromatic crop production development in the Republic of Belarus. The article presents the research results of the indicated industry within the framework of organizations engaged in the cultivation of medical and spicy-aromatic herbs, the volumes of their production are shown. The regulatory documents of the EU member states are analyzed, as well as the legislative documents in the Republic of Belarus in the field of medical and spicy-aromatic plant growing regulation. The need to strengthen a number of areas in the scientific support of medicinal plant growing in the Republic of Belarus is substantiated.